Literary Analysis of the Enlightenment Period and...

During the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the literary world witnessed the birth of the Enlightenment and Romantic Periods. There were similarities as well as very notable differences between the two. There were also two prominent voices that gained notoriety during each of these two periods. Voltaire is considered to be the pioneer of the power of reason and Rousseau is looked upon as a legendary figure of Nineteenth Century Romanticism. This analysis will evaluate the two eras, both writers and a literary piece. The Enlightenment Era gave way to an age of reasoning. During this time, the writers were regarded as philosophers. They came up with diverse theories and possessed different points of view. Never the less, the†¦show more content†¦The focus is now shifted to individualism, emotions, and nature. (James 485)These themes provided new ideas and different means to interpret and understand the world in a whole new light. Reasoning was no longer the most important concept that guided society’s way of looking at the world. During the Romantic Era, the individual became more important than in the past. According to J.M. Cohen, this era encouraged people to look at themselves not as fragments extending from heaven to the natural world but as inimitable entities eminent in their own authenticity. (Cohen, 7) This idea indicates that man is a distinct being entitled to explore and express his own feelings and thoughts. Simply put, examine the man as an individual and not as a unit. The Romantic Era was a period of that examined emotions and put them into words. Romantics abandoned the logical traditional Western World thought which believed that intelligence was the method used to understand the world. However, the Romantics opted to espouse imagination and feelings as a veritable approach to empathize the world. (James ,488) Lastly, the Romantic Era blended human emotions with nature. The interfacing of emotion and nature was emblematic of Romantic poetry, whether it engrossed the idea of bequeathing human emotions to an innate article like a river or connecting the scenery to the temperament of the writer. (James, 491) This kind of beauty that isShow MoreRelatedThe Romantic Era Of The Age Of Enlightenment890 Words   |  4 PagesThe Romantic Era was a literary movement that occurred in the late 18th century and the early 19th century. During this movement, artists and authors alike rebelled against the established order and classism of the time, and the values once believed in during the Age of Enlightenment (The Romantic Era ). While the people of the Age of Enlightenment valued reason, and focused on the new and original (The Enlightenment), the people of the Romantic Era focused on the emotions of the individual, natureRead MoreComparison of Hofffman’s work, The Sandman, and Mosse’s, F rom Romanticism to the Volk1218 Words   |  5 PagesMosse’s, From Romanticism to the Volk, share cohesive concepts, each examine the dramatic cultural shift toward promoting nationalist thought in the minds of the German people. Through the â€Å"rootlessness† of his characters, the cognitive disparity between Nathanael and Klara, and the structure of The Sandman, Hoffman aptly uses the folktale genre to effectively reveal his disdain for the tenets of enlightenment as they challenged the new Volk ideology of Germany. Mosse’s scholarly analysis criticallyRead MoreJean Jacques Rousseau s Work Essay941 Words   |  4 Pagesreligious writing which put the crosshairs right on his back. In the time period that Rousseau lived this was a dangerous opinion to have. Rousseau lived in the Age of enlightenment which was dominated by reason and analysis rather than traditional authority. The thinkers of this age argued that â€Å"human history was progressing towards perfection by casting off old habits and fetters.† (55). However by the 1750’s Enlightenment thinkers were becoming vulnerable and a few rose up to attack them such asRead MoreRomanticism And The Formation Of The Romantic Era1920 Words   |  8 PagesHow does Romanticism relate to the Enlightenment? A simple question, but with a very complex answer. Essentially, the Enlightenment is the very reason for the formation of the Romantic era. In order to understand how the Enlightenment inspired Romanticism, it is important to be familiar with each era as a separate entity. Consequently, the Enlightenment, also known as the â€Å"Age of Reason,† began during the late 1600s and lasted up until the mid-late 1700s. Some of the most prominent ideals that cameRead MoreClose Critical Analysis of Coleridges Frost at Midnight1716 Words   |  7 Pagesrevealing how the key concerns of Romanticism were communicated through the poem. The Romantic period in English literature ran from around 1785, following the death of the eminent neo-classical writer Samuel Johnson, to the ascension of Queen Victoria to the throne in 1837. However, in the years spanning this period writers were not identified as exponents of a recognised literary movement. It was only later that literary historians created and applied the term Romanticism. Since then, a further distinctionRead More Close critical analysis of Coleridges Frost at Midnight Essay1685 Words   |  7 Pagesrevealing how the key concerns of Romanticism were communicated through the poem. The Romantic period in English literature ran from around 1785, following the death of the eminent neo-classical writer Samuel Johnson, to the ascension of Queen Victoria to the throne in 1837. However, in the years spanning this period writers were not identified as exponents of a recognised literary movement. It was only later that literary historians created and applied the term Romanticism. Since then, a further distinctionRead MoreFrankenstein, by Mary Shelley1078 Words   |  5 Pagesfundamental for the comprehension of this essay, especially when it contrasts cohesively with Shelley’s lucid references to â€Å"the sublime.† Over-reliance on scientific information and progression, eventually leads to environmental diminishment. During the period of time when Shelley was writing this piece, she would’ve been exposed to the consequential factors of the Industrial Revolution in England. Modernization was resulting in the destruction of the natural world the R omantics favoured so heavily. TheseRead MoreAnalysis Of Samuel Taylor Coleridge s Kubla Khan 1778 Words   |  8 Pagesas one of the few major leaders of British Romanticism. His poems, both individual works and collaborations with another Romantic leader, William Wordsworth, are proof of this. His works incorporated ideas that are often found in Romantic poetry, such as a reverence for nature, emphasis on emotion and imagination over reason and logic, and other themes that contradicted thinkers of the Age of Reason. Coleridge assisted in the change from Enlightenment ideals favoring rationality and deduction toRead MoreEnglish Preromanticism: William Blake3403 Words   |  14 PagesGriciuvien English Preromanticism: William Blake Term Paper Supervisor: Assoc. Prof. M. Ã…  idlauskas 2008 CONTENTS Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...............3 1. William Blake-a forerunner of English Romanticism 1 William Blake-a social critic of his own time†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..6 2 William Blake’s ideas and the Modern World†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 2. â€Å"Songs of innocence and of Experience†-the most popular W.Blake’s poem book 1 The social significanceRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book The Good And Evil 1565 Words   |  7 PagesProfessor Murray ENC 1102- 07 03 November 2014 The Good and Evil in â€Å"Benito Cereno† Benito Cereno is certainly one of the most mysterious and notorious novellas of Melville. Full in symbolism and somewhat gothic in its analysis, that it has caused a great partition among the literary critics of Melville. Various critics have argued that the text defenses the association of slavery while others have argued that it sentences it. There are those who have not taken into consideration at all the racial

“Left Wing Single Party States Achieve Power as the...

Nenad Stefanovski Ms Fleming IB1 History 18 March 2013 â€Å"Left Wing single party states achieve power as the result of a revolutionary process against tradition.† Does this adequately explain how any one single party state that you have studied acquired power? In 1917, a revolution took place in Russia that overthrew the traditional Tsarist regime and brought a single party state, the Bolshevik Party, into power. The Bolshevik party harnessed the revolutionary spirit from the overthrow of the Tsarist regime in order to overthrow the Provisional government and eventually seize power. There are several reasons that the Bolshevik Party went against tradition including the failure of the Tsarist regime and the failure of the Provisional†¦show more content†¦One of the main reasons that the Bolsheviks gained support in 1917 was due to the fact that Lenin rejected any compromise with the propertied classes, and insisted that the power should be held by the proletariat and the peasants, which was the majority of Russiaâ€℠¢s population. Another reason for the Bolshevik’s growing support was because the Mensheviks and Social Revolutionaries continued to support the Provisional Government. The Provisional Government had failed to enact land reforms demanded by the peasantry and had failed to keep the military from falling apart. As previously mentioned, the Bolsheviks had harnessed the revolutionary mood of the workers and garrison soldiers in order to successfully go through with the October Revolution (Connor 1). The Petrograd Soviets and the Red Guards also supported the overthrow of the Provisional Government as they did not feel it represented their interests. This gave even more support to the Bolsheviks as they promised the overthrow of the traditional order. Lenin created the Sovnarkom, which would be the new type of government in Russia, and would replace the Provisional Government (Provisional Government). The Sovnarkom’s initial objectives represented a revolt against tradition . This is because the objectives included land collectivization, where land is taken from the nobles, church, and tsar and given to the peasants, and to empower workers to set up factory committees to take control of factories. After theShow MoreRelatedStrategy Safari by Mintzberg71628 Words   |  287 PagesAmericas New York, NY 10020 Copyright  © 1998 by Henry Mintzberg, Ltd., Bruce Ahlstrand, and Joseph Lampel All rights reserved, including the right of reproduction in whole or in part in any form. 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Investment & Performance Analysis Click Now to Get Solution

Questions: i) A review of the top-down analysis that led to the focus on a particular company. A rational for considering particular economies, industries and companies from within those industries should be provided. ii) A fully explained / justified calculation of the current intrinsic value of the company - established using at least one DCF technique and one relative valuation technique (all figures employed including growth projections to be explained / justified and performance comparisons within industries and / or between countries explained. N.B. illustrative examples used in the lectures / workshops should not be used). iii) As the methods employed in ii) above are likely to result in different valuations, you are required to provide an academic justification of the valuation method(s) you will rely upon. Answers: (i). The top down approach of TMC academy has been illustrated below with the diagram as follows: Figure: Top down analysis (Source: Pheimunittrusts.com. 2016) Global factors: The first aspect of the top down analysis is to consider the global factor, which adds to the increment in the value of the shareholders. The various types of the global factors, which affect the values of TMC Education, include the admission of more number of students from different region of the globe. The company should aim at increasing the intake of the student from varied areas so that the company can look forward positively to the contribution to the global parameters. The institution should also focus on the existing political, situation in that particular region so that the institute can look forward to increase the amount of the increase in intake of the students. It also ensures that then expansion of the institute in the different location is having a stable political situation to support the operations. (Statistics ,2013) Country specific factors: The country specific objective includes the socio political situation, population statistics and the balance of payment situation in the chosen country. This helps the company to eliminate the various types of the aspects, which exists, as a result, of the defaults in the payments made by the monetary and fiscal measures by the existing Government. The company is also able. In this way, the company is able to overcome to the various types of the existing barriers arising due to the country specific factors. (IMF Survey The Global Economy 2016). Sector specific factors The sector specific factor includes the various type of the growth in the valuation and the understanding of the cycles in the relative valuations of the country. The institution should also look forward to the various aspects of the investment opportunities, which exists in counterpart of the different location of the world, which may contribute to the growth of the institute. The growth of the institute can be studied on the basis of the relative growth of the other such institutes located in the adjoining location of the Middle road Singapore region. The company will be able to see the potential growth opportunities, which exist in the growth pattern of the different institutes and the company will be able to define the various styles of the policies of the strategic management, which will contribute to the growth of the institute (Deng et al., 2014). Stock selection: The company further needs to evaluate the stock of the company by the analysis of various types of the qualitative and the quantitative analysis, which include the analysis of the qualitative education of the academy. This further show the several, aspects quality and the quantity on the basis if then number of the intake of the students of the institute of the various types of the adjoining institutes and needs to improve its quality of the education services base on then similar institutes based in Singapore (Deng et al., 2014). (ii). Intrinsic value can be defined as the actual value of a business, asset or stock, which is determined by incorporating all the factors, related to the item. It is not necessary that the intrinsic value and the market value of any item will be equal all the time. Intrinsic value of any company or stock is computed by using various methods techniques. The most common methods to calculate intrinsic value are Discounted Cash Flow Model and Relative Valuation Model (Brigham Ehrhardt, 2013). Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) Model:- Discounted Cash Flow model is the most popular and appreciated model, used for calculating intrinsic value. DCF model use to forecast the profitability of any investment opportunity by estimating the future cash flows. In this process, the projected future cash flows are discounted to estimate the net present value of the future cash flows to evaluate the potentiality of the investment (DeFusco et al., 2015). The fair value of TMC Education Corporations Ltd. shares is evaluated below by using DCF model. To forecast the future cash flows, the most important factor is growth rate. It can be measured by different techniques. One of the techniques is CAGR Model. The formula of growth rate under CAGR model is as follows: Growth Rate = (EV/BV)1/n 1 Where, EV = Ending value of Investment BV = Beginning Value of Investment n = Nos. of Period The growth rate of TMC Education is calculated in the following table: Free Cash Flows (FCFs) 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 Net Income/(Loss) Before Tax (3,901,587) (2,809,935) (2,966,943) (2,025,486) 68,437 Add Depreciation 640,375 594,730 594,236 604,082 799,586 Add Interest Expenses 34,056 89,014 18,852 138 7,037 Total EBIT (3,227,156) (2,126,191) (2,353,855) (1,421,266) 875,060 EBIT Growth Rate using CAGR -229.82% Current Assets 3,458,104 4,652,781 3,839,911 3,113,741 6,685,019 6,233,020 Add (Subtract) - Decrease(Increase) in Current Assets (given) 1,194,677 (812,870) (726,170) 3,571,278 (451,999) Current Assets' Growth Rate using CAGR -221.46% Plant, Machinery Equipment 2,057,945 2,388,217 2,195,695 6,586,103 12,792,041 13,367,663 Add (Subtract) - Decrease(Increase) in Plant, Machinery Equipment (given) 330,272 (192,522) 4,390,408 6,205,938 575,622 PPE Growth Rate using CAGR -10.52% Current Liabilities 7,991,374 7,404,077 9,198,913 6,980,002 7,542,612 8,000,115 Add (Subtract) - Increase (Decrease) in Current Liabilities (given) 587,297 (1,794,836) 2,218,911 (562,610) (457,503) Current Liabilities' Growth Rate using CAGR -205.12% The growth rate can be calculated by using AAGR method also. The formula of AAGR is derived by the following formula: Growth Rate = (AGR1 + AGR2 +AGRn) /n Where, AGR = Annual growth Rate n = Number of Periods The growth rate of TM Education, by using AAGR method, is calculated in the following table: Free Cash Flows (FCFs) 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 Net Income Before Tax (3,901,587) (2,809,935) (2,966,943) (2,025,486) 68,437 Add Depreciation 640,375 594,730 594,236 604,082 799,586 Add Interest Expenses 34,056 89,014 18,852 138 7,037 Total EBIT (3,227,156) (2,126,191) (2,353,855) (1,421,266) 875,060 y/y Growth 51.78% -9.67% 65.62% -262.42% Average Growth -38.67% Current Assets 3,458,104 4,652,781 3,839,911 3,113,741 6,685,019 6,233,020 Add (Subtract) - Decrease(Increase) in Current Assets (given) 1,194,677 (812,870) (726,170) 3,571,278 (451,999) y/y Growth -246.97% 11.94% -120.33% -890.11% Average Growth -311.37% Plant, Machinery Equipment 2,057,945 2,388,217 2,195,695 6,586,103 12,792,041 13,367,663 Add (Subtract) - Decrease(Increase) in Plant, Machinery Equipment (given) 330,272 (192,522) 4,390,408 6,205,938 575,622 y/y Growth -271.55% -104.39% -29.25% 978.13% Average Growth 143.23% Current Liabilities 7,991,374 7,404,077 9,198,913 6,980,002 7,542,612 8,000,115 Add (Subtract) - Increase (Decrease) in Current Liabilities (given) 587,297 (1,794,836) 2,218,911 (562,610) (457,503) y/y Growth -132.72% -180.89% -494.40% 22.97% Average Growth -196.26% As discussed above, the FCFs are discounted for evaluating its present value. Therefore, it is very necessary to determine WACC for discounting the FCFs, as the formula of discounted cash flow is: DCF = FCF/(1+WACC)n Where, n = number of periods The formula of WACC is given below: WACC = (E/V x ke) + [(D/V x kd) x (1-Tc)] Where, E/V = Weighted Average Equity Capital ke = Cost of Capital D/V = Weighted Average Debt Capital kd = Cost of Debt Tc = Tax Rate As per the formula, the WACC of TMC Education is calculated below: Payout ratio = Dividend Per Share / EPS (Basic) FY2014 FY2013 Dividend per share (Do) 0.0597 0.0000 EPS - Basic $ (2.31) (1.71) Payout ratio -2.58% 0.00% Return of Equity = Profit For The Year / Total Equity FY2014 FY2013 S$'000 S$'000 Profit for the year (3,901,587) (2,809,935) Total Equity 17,538,270 21,465,801 Return of Equity -22.25% -13.09% Dividend Growth Rate = Return of Equity x Retention Rate (1-Payout Ratio) FY2014 FY2013 Return of Equity -22.25% -13.09% Retention Rate (1-Payout Ratio) 102.58% 100.00% Dividend Growth Rate (g) -22.82% -13.09% Discounted Rate (ke) = Dividend Per Share (D1) / Value of Stock (P0) + Dividend Growth Rate (g) FY2014 FY2013 Share price 0.069 0.069 FX Conversion Rate into SGD 1 1 Share price - SGD 0.07 0.07 Dividend per share (D1) 0.0461 0.0000 Share price - SGD (P0) 0.0686 0.0686 Dividend Growth Rate (g) -0.2282 -0.1309 Discounted Rate (ke) 44.38% -13.09% 2.3 COST OF DEBT Total Debts FY2014 FY2013 S$'000 S$'000 Non-Current Laibilites: Notes Convertible Bonds - CL Senior note Borrowings 3,243,255 602,829 Current Lailibilies: Bank debts and current portion of long term debts 1,248,223 1,049,996 Convertible bonds - CL Senior note - CL Trade and otherpayables 6,743,151 6,354,081 Borrowings Total Debts 11,234,629 8,006,906 Cost of Debt (kd) = Finance / Total Debts FY2014 FY2013 S$'000 S$'000 Finance Costs 34,056 89,014 Total Debts 11,234,629 8,006,906 Cost of Debt (kd) 0.30% 1.11% 2.4 WEIGHTED AVERAGE COST OF CAPITAL (WACC) Capital Structure = Equity + Debts FY2014 FY2013 S$'000 S$'000 Issues Capital (E) 17,538,270 21,465,801 Total Debts (D) 11,234,629 8,006,906 V = E + D 28,772,899 29,472,707 Calculation of Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) = (E/V x ke) + [(D/V x kd) x (1-Tc)] FY2014 FY2013 E/V 60.95% 72.83% ke 44.38% -13.09% D/V 39.05% 27.17% kd 0.30% 1.11% 1-Tc (1-17%) 83% 83% WACC 27.15% -9.28% (iii). From the above discussion, it is very much clear that different valuation methods use to evaluate an investment by different parameters. Hence, the outcomes of the valuation processes do not tally with each other. In the above table, both the DCF Model and Relative Valuation Method are demonstrated under two different factors. For DCF Model, the growth rates are determined under two different techniques. The relative valuation model is also demonstrated by using two ratios. Different Techniques of DCF Model:- As discussed above, the growth rate, required for calculating the DCF, is computed under two different techniques Compound Annual Growth Model (CAGR) and Average Annual Growth Rate Model (AAGR). In CAGR model, the growth rate is calculated by using the ending value and the beginning value of the investment. It can be defined as the smoothest yield rate of any return. It is easy to calculate. It is very effective for ascertaining growth rates of historical prices. It should be noted that CAGR model does not incorporate the risk factors, associated with an investment (Bierman Jr Smidt, 2012). AAGR model is another simple model, used for growth rate ascertainment. This model considers the year-to-year growth rate to derive the average growth rate for a certain period. Therefore, the growth rate under this model reflects the growth trend of the investment. However, as it is determined by considering all the annual growth rates over a period, if in any particular period, the growth rate is abnormally high or low, that creates impact on the average growth rate (Balassa, 2014). It is always better to consider the CAGR model for any long-term investment. It helps to predict the future value better than AAGR. In the above calculation, the fair value of the shares derived from CAGR is equal to the market value, whereas, as per AAGR model, the fair value is SG$0.04, which is lower than the market value. Thus, it proves that, for DCF model, growth rate under CAGR helps to provide the accurate outcomes (Dolvin et al., 2012). Different Techniques for Relative Valuation: Relative valuation can be ascertained by using two different ratios P/E Ratio and EV/EBITDA Ratio. P/E ratio is the most common metrics for investment appraisal. It provides the input to evaluate the shares by the earnings of the company. It should be noted that many companies use to manipulate the accounting returns for showing higher P/E ratio. Moreover, it only considers profits and does not incorporate cash flows (Hirshleifer et al., 2013). EV/EBITDA ratio includes cash flows and overall value of the company. Therefore, it provides more accurate overview of the financial position. It has been observed that for negative profits or net losses, this ratio does not provide proper evaluation (Pinto et al., 2015). In this scenario, most of the companies are having net losses. Therefore, the average EV/EBITDA of TMC Education is not showing proper figures. Hence, for this particular case, P/E Ratio is considered as the better alternative for relative valuation. Comparison between DCF Model Relative Valuation Model: DCF model consider the discounted future cash flows for determining the present value of shares. It incorporates the discount factor and also the time value of money. Therefore, investor, using DCF model, can forecast about the future earnings of the investments. The relative valuation model depends on the industrial benchmark or the competitors financial performance. It depicts the fair value of the share, which is more market driven (Penman, 2015). An investor always prefers such evaluation model, which can provide him the overview on future performances of the investment. Hence, from this point of view, DCF analysis is the better alternatives, as it depicts how much an investor can earn from any investment in the future (Spronk et al, 2016). It also defines the fair value of the investment, which can be paid for the future earnings. Reference List:- Amiri, A., Ravanpaknodezh, H., Jelodari, A. (2016). Comparison of stock valuation models with their intrinsic value in Tehran Stock Exchange.Marketing and Branding Research,3(1), 24 Arabsalehi, M., Mahmoodi, I. (2012). The quest for the superior financial performance measures.International Journal of Economics and Finance,4(2), 116 Awan, A. G., Siddique, K., Sarwar, G. (2014). The Effect of Economic Value-Added on Stock Return: Evidence from selected Companies of Karachi Stock Exchange.Research Journal of Finance and Accounting,5(23), 140-152 Balassa, B. (2014). Development Strategies'.International Economics and Development: Essays in Honor of Ral Prebisch, 159 Bierman Jr, H., Smidt, S. (2012).The capital budgeting decision: economic analysis of investment projects. Routledge Borde, N. A. (2013). Shareholder value creation in indian companies: an empirical study Brigham, E. F., Ehrhardt, M. C. (2013).Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning Damodaran, A. (2012).Investment valuation: Tools and techniques for determining the value of any asset(Vol. 666). John Wiley Sons. DeFusco, R. A., McLeavey, D. W., Pinto, J. E., Anson, M. J., Runkle, D. E. (2015).Quantitative investment analysis. John Wiley Sons Deng, y., mcmillen, d. p., sing, t. f. (2014). matching indices for thinly-traded commercial real estate in singapore. regional science and urban economics, 47, 86-98. (ii).

Reality Vs. Idealism Essays - Fiction, Literature,

Reality Vs. Idealism In the short story, ?An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge?, Ambrose Bierce quickly drifted from realism in the beginning of the story to idealism throughout the rest of the selection. Immediately before Peyton experiences his first idealistic event, Bierce described a realistic thought on how Peyton closed his eyes and attempted to fix his final thoughts on his loved ones, his wife and children. Bierce described an idealistic observation by the main character, Peyton as he explained how he could see the intricate details through the vibrancy of the leaves of trees on the riverbank. As the story goes on Bierce often refers to the soldiers, the captain, the sergeant, the two privates, and his executioners as monsters. He refers to their movements as ?grotesque and horrible? and their size ?gigantic.? As Peyton tore off the noose around his neck and thrust it aside vigorously, he described how the movements of his hands resembled the movements of a water snake. As Peyton began on his final thoughts reality faded quickly to an unrealistic point of view, or state of mind. Bierce described an unrealistic, super natural sort of power that Peyton obtained as he emerged from the stream. At that moment Peyton was in full possession of his physical senses and could feel and understand things never before perceived. The first sense that he had noticed was his amplified sight and his perception living things. From the stream he noticed the distinct colors in the dewdrops upon the blades of grass. He could see from across the bank, the gray spiders connecting their webs from twig to twig. As he noticed the veining of each leaf on the trees he also observed every little insect upon them. He could see everything as if it was in slow motion and amplified to the creators' explanation of how and what steps he took to paint his master piece. Bierce described his second unrealistic encounter as his sense of hearing being amplified, as to hear every little sound, far and near. As Bierce described in his unique, highly descriptive style of writing, Peyton could hear the ?humming of the gnats that danced above the eddies of the stream.? Most human beings are incapable of hearing a gnat fly and roam about, for it's size and muted humming is no louder than a pin dropped on a rug. He could hear the flapping of the dragonflies' wings and the strokes of the water spiders as they ventured through the stream. He described all these lucid sounds as audible music. Peyton's hearing was remarkably and quixotically amplified beyond any human beings capability. The way Bierce described Peyton's super natural powers, so to say was so detailed and full of imagery. As Peyton once again emerged to the top of the stream the soldiers or in Peyton's point of view, monsters, were all aimed directly at him ready to shoot on command. As the commander ordered his men to fire Peyton dove deep into the stream and was shot between his collarbone and neck, which he so simply pulled right out with no pain or blood. Bierce describes how Peyton thought with the rapidity of lightening. These are yet more super natural, unreal descriptions of the visions and superhero like qualities. Bierce explains Peyton's adventure of escape and idealistic traits in such a believable way that if it wasn't so exaggerated it could very well be mistaken as reality. As Peyton was being hanged the idealistic events began to occur. Bierce described through the nearly the whole story how Peyton experiences super natural powers such as, amplified sight, hearing, the ability to remove a bullet with such ease that he simply snatches it right out, and highly sensitive touch. Bierce told of how he escaped through his five senses being recorded in a way that no man would ever perceive. As the story ends and Peyton is still hanging high above the river, with a noose around his neck, idealism once again fades into reality.

Information Systems Security

Introduction With increased digitization of most organizational processes, there is a growing need to protect information and prevent unauthorized access to sensitive information. Many companies have fallen prey to hackers and other people who have malicious intentions. Notably, the US government, JTX and other companies around the world have had their information stolen through security breaches (Whitman, 2010, p. 455).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Information Systems Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many more companies like MasterCard are operating under endless threats on their information security systems (Whitman, 2010). There is therefore a strong need to protect sensitive information from unauthorized access and more importantly, there is a strong need to prevent unauthorized physical access to secure areas. In light of the above observations, this paper seeks to identify and analyze any potent ial vulnerabilities of an information security system for a local pharmacy. The security information system for the pharmacy requires a combination of both physical and logical access controls that are meant to protect money and goods (pharmaceutical products) from theft. Tasked with the duty of identifying inherent risks associated with this business, this paper establishes physical and logical controls that mitigate the risks identified. Potential Physical Vulnerabilities and Threats Physical vulnerabilities and threats may occur in different ways. Genser (2010) observes that many organizations often overlook physical vulnerabilities and threats as important components of security breaches. Threats caused by acts of nature are the most common forms of physical vulnerabilities and threats. Indeed, like many organizations or businesses in the town, the pharmacy is subject to extreme acts of nature which can potentially lead to the loss and damage of equipment (Deswarte, 2004). The r anges of disasters that can affect the organization include lightning, earthquakes, or even tornadoes. Often, when such disasters strike, there is a resultant significant financial loss. However, within this loss perception is the threat of losing or damaging vital information. This analogy is true because information is normally stored in physical devices such as computers, compact disks and other forms of digital storage. These devices are not immune to physical vulnerabilities and damages. The ranges of environmental conditions that may cause their malfunction vary from excessive heat, too much humidity or even damages that result from water contamination. Different acts of nature can cause many of the above environmental conditions (Deswarte, 2004). Lastly, considering the pharmacy is located in a busy shopping mall, there are several environmental threats (specific to the mall), which pose different physical vulnerabilities. Certain building malfunctions such as power outages o r poor maintenance of building infrastructure, such as, water pipes and power lines may increase the pharmacy’s vulnerability to physical threats.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These vulnerabilities may lead to power outages or water leaking from the ceiling, thereby causing damage to equipment. Some of these vulnerabilities may also cause hardware failure (Deswarte, 2004). Logical Vulnerabilities and Threats That Require Consideration The most common logical vulnerabilities and threats that pose a danger to the pharmacy are caused by acts of man. These threats can be caused by errors of omission or commission, but they may equally be caused by third parties who may have an ulterior motive on the organization. For example, a member of staff may fail to include important information in the company records, thereby causing a malfunction in the data system. Similarly, a member of staff may key-in wrong figures in the company’s financial system, thereby misrepresenting the company’s true financial information. For the pharmacy, such vulnerabilities and threats exist. The ignorance of power-on passwords and the loss or malfunction of tracking devices to recover stolen equipments also contribute to the organization’s logical vulnerabilities (Walsh, 2012). Other vulnerabilities (associated with the threat of introducing malicious codes) are the lack of regular updates to the antivirus software and the easy access to administrator privileges, such that, users can easily access the system and turn off the antivirus software. Other logical vulnerabilities may also be caused by the failure to set up proper physical controls to prevent the entry of unauthorized personnel in secure business areas. For example, if all employees are allowed to access the company’s main system hub, users may gain entry into the company’s sys tems and create a security breach. The failure to secure highly confidential information through passwords may also exaggerate the level of threats that logical vulnerabilities may have on the organization (Walsh, 2012). Similarly, if the passwords are not highly confidential, unauthorized personnel may know such vital codes and use them to gain access into the company’s systems. From the list of possible threats and vulnerabilities identified above, we can see that people who pose a threat to the organization transcend the conventional perception of thieves and hackers. Employees and visitors (who enjoy organizational trust) can also pose a threat to the organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Information Systems Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Potential Impact of All Identified Physical Vulnerabilities The potential impact of all the identified physical vulnerabilities above is enormous. Perhaps, the most visible impact is financial losses that may accrue from damages to the organization’s equipment. These costs may be realized from replacing such equipments or investing in more stringent security measures to reinforce the premises to avoid any physical damage. Other financial costs may arise from lawsuits or even of the loss of vital information entrusted to the organization. For example, being an agent of the healthcare business, confidentiality is highly important for the pharmacy. However, because of the occurrence of physical threats, such information may be lost, damaged or leaked. Such an eventuality may prove to be disastrous for the business. Many organizations that often fall prey to severe physical threats experience significant setbacks in operations (financially). Some are even forced to close down business (Walsh, 2012). Another potential impact of the physical vulnerabilities identified above is poor organizational performance (Dorantes, 2006, p. 13). Any of the physical vulnerabilities identified above can cause this impact. For example, if the pharmacy is affected by damage to its physical structures, it cannot operate efficiently. Say, some of the equipments used to run the company’s operations were destroyed by a water leak (from the roof) and the organization lost records of the previous week’s operations, or a list of its most important contacts (such as suppliers). It would be extremely difficult for the organization to operate efficiently under such conditions. Comprehensively, the overall organizational performance would reduce (Dorantes, 2006). Potential Vulnerabilities That May Exist In the Documented Network The documented network is an important component to pharmacy’s operations. It contains different pieces of information which are important to the functions of the business. Meghanathan (2010) explains that the documented network may contain information such as the organization’ s IP address, or even its hardware configuration. The documented framework is prone to different security vulnerabilities. Worker incompetence is one such vulnerability because unqualified workers are likely to cause many errors to different processes in the documented framework. For example, the documented framework needs regular maintenance processes which need to be undertaken by qualified personnel.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Similarly, qualified personnel should be able to troubleshoot any problems associated with the network without much difficulty (Meghanathan, 2010). However, if the personnel employed do not know how to conduct or oversee such activities effectively, the reliability of the documented framework may be flawed. The failure to regularly update the documented framework is also another basis of vulnerability which needs to be regularly checked. The documented framework works through an ever-changing system which is informed by the changing activities in the operating environment. For example, the pharmacy engages in different activities (which change by the day) and therefore they need to be updated regularly to the documented network. The failure to update the changing variables in the security system poses a threat to the reliability or even the validity of information provided by the network (Meghanathan, 2010). Potential Impact of All Identified Logical Vulnerabilities to the Network a nd the Pharmacy The impact of the previously mentioned logical vulnerabilities stretches far and wide (throughout the organization’s operations). Many of the logical vulnerabilities identified in this paper center on human failures to protect the system. One possible impact of the logical vulnerabilities identified in this paper is time-wastage. An organization’s time is precious and most of it should be used to improve the operations of the business as opposed undertaking activities which do not profit the organization. The failure to prevent unauthorized access to administrator privileges or the failure to regularly update the antivirus software can lead to a lot of time wastages if an attack occurs. For example, if there is a security breach and vital information is stolen, an organization may spend a lot of time trying to recover information at the expense of improving the organization’s performance. Therefore, the activities of an organization can be interf ered in this regard and a lot of time wasted (Whitman, 2010). The failure to regularly update antivirus softwares can also severely affect the functionality of the pharmacy’s system (if it is not detected in good time). This oversight can also lead to the spread of new and dangerous elements to the organization’s systems including dangerous softwares, Trojan horses, or even viruses. These malicious codes may destroy or alter systems, including electronic protected health information (ePHI). These security threats are real and they may pose a severe danger to the functionality of the systems (Whitman, 2010). Finally, this paper identifies errors of omission and commission as possible elements contributing to logical vulnerabilities. Similarly, this paper identifies the lack of physical safeguards to prevent unauthorized personnel as another element contributing to logical vulnerabilities. These logical vulnerabilities may lead to the loss of trust in an organization (Wh itman, 2010). Many organizations operate on the basis of a shared trust with not only their customers but other stakeholders as well. For example, if a bank is prone to information security breaches, customers may lose confidence in it and decide to bank their money elsewhere (because of fear of loss). A pharmaceutical company also suffers the same risk. Any of the identified logical vulnerabilities can result in such an impact. However, the impact is more severe if information security breaches happen frequently. In addition, considering the fact that the nature of the pharmacy’s operations is sensitive (health-related), the impact of a security breach may be disastrous if not life-threatening. Indeed, a security compromise of the organizational operations may have a far-reaching impact on the activities of the organization and the health of everybody who depends on it (Tipton, 2011). Dealing with the Risks (Physical Vulnerabilities and Threats) So far, we have seen that act s of nature and environmental threats (which may be caused by the location of the pharmacy in the shopping mall) constitute the most notable physical vulnerabilities and threats to the pharmacy. To deal with the risks caused by acts of nature, secondary data storage devices need to be used to back up any data that may be lost because of the destruction of equipment. These secondary data storage devices should not be stored near the pharmacy because if an act of nature occurs, they may be destroyed alongside the store’s equipment. Preferably, it would be wise to use cloud computing services to store such data because it is safer this way. The destroyed equipment can later be replaced and the stored data reinstated back to the systems (Whitman, 2010). Dealing with environmental risks arising from the operations of the shopping mall is however a tricky affair. The pharmacy may not have direct control over maintenance services in the mall and therefore, it is highly vulnerable to different security threats such as loss of power or water leaks. To deal with the risk of power outages, it is important for the pharmacy to have a backup power system. Similarly, it is important for the pharmacy to undertake further renovation to its premises so that it can prevent the contamination of its equipment from water leaks and similar risks. Preferably, it would be better to locate its technology equipment in a tamper-proof room (Whitman, 2010). Dealing with the Risks (Logical Vulnerabilities and Threats) Different logical vulnerabilities and threats have been identified to pose a risk to the security of the pharmacy’s information systems. The threats identified are equipment theft, loss of information and the launch of malicious codes on the pharmacy’s data network. Consequently, we have also established that these risks pose different vulnerabilities. The vulnerabilities associated with theft or losses are the failure to use power-on passwords and the los s or malfunction of tracking devices to recover stolen equipments. The second groups of vulnerabilities (associated with the threat of malicious codes) are the lack of regular updates to the antivirus software and the easy access to administrator privileges so that users can easily access the system and turn off the antivirus software. These vulnerabilities can be managed differently. Dealing with such logical vulnerabilities and threats is difficult. However, insuring against such risks is a practical strategy that can be adopted by the pharmacy to deal with such risks. This measure may be unpopular among most organizations but it is informed by the fact that it is difficult to completely eliminate all logical vulnerabilities or threats. This measure also works to protect the pharmacy against all the logical risks and vulnerabilities identified (Whitman, 2010). Controls (Logical Vulnerabilities and Threats) Administrative To mitigate the probability of workers making errors, strict supervision should be given to employees who have direct access to the system. This way, workers would be more careful while using the system. In addition, to prevent the theft of equipment and the unauthorized access to the pharmacy’s equipments (data) a security guard should be placed at the entrance of the room having all the equipments. Preventive To protect the pharmacy’s vulnerability against unauthorized access to data, file encryption tools can be used (Walsh, 2012, p. 17). File encryption is an effective way of protecting stored data. This security control will also protect the organization against the threat of accessing data from stolen equipment. Detective To prevent the unauthorized access of users to the organization’s information, procedures for auditing users can be introduced to the pharmacy’s systems so that unauthorized users are easily detected. In fact, this security control should be launched alongside another security control that lock’s out a user’s account once it is detected that the user makes five (or so) unsuccessful log in attempts (Walsh, 2012, p. 17). To detect the theft of equipment, CCTV cameras should be installed in the premises and finally, to detect any human errors on the company’s systems, regular checkups should be done to verify that all the information is accurate. Corrective As a corrective measure against the theft of equipment, a tracking device can be installed in all equipments so that they are easily traceable. To correct errors of omission on the company’s financial books, a contingency fund should be established. Finally, to correct security breaches, the information stolen should be changed immediately so that it cannot be used against the organization. Controls (Physical Vulnerabilities and Threats) Administrative To control physical threats caused by acts of nature, it is important to have a risk management plan to minimize the effects of such risks o ccurring. Indeed, it is impossible to prevent acts of nature from occurring but the pharmacy should have a risk management plan stipulating what needs to be done in the event that such risks occur (Christoffersen, 2011). The risk management plan will change the entire business paradigm to make the pharmacy operate in a â€Å"risk-aware† way. As opposed to limiting the activities of the organization, the risk management plan will enable the organization to operate in an effective way while still being able to protect is infrastructure and property. This security control also protects the pharmacy against other physical vulnerabilities and threats caused by its environment. Preventive A preventive measure that can be taken to protect the pharmacy against the impending physical threats and vulnerabilities is to reinforce its structural framework so that it cannot be severely affected by acts of nature or the complementary environmental risks Detective Detecting the physical thre ats and vulnerabilities discussed in this study is difficult. However, the pharmacy can rely on scientific tools such as environmental forecasts (for acts of nature) and any breakages or cracks to the infrastructure of the building to pre-empt any disasters (or environmental threats) (Christoffersen, 2011). Corrective As a corrective measure, the pharmacy can have a standby team to repair any physical damages made to the building (to correct environmental threats). Similarly, the pharmacy can have a contingency fund to finance the replacement of its equipment if any damages are realized (Christoffersen, 2011). Conclusion Different risks and vulnerabilities surround the activities of the pharmacy. However, the key to deal with such risks and vulnerabilities is to pre-empt them. This paper provides a guideline of the risk controls and measures that may be taken to achieve this outcome. The main success factor for this entire process however lies in the proper implementation of these p lans. Through such plans, the pharmacy can operate in an optimum way but completely aware of the risks surrounding its operations. References Christoffersen, P. (2011). Elements of Financial Risk Management. London: Academic Press. Deswarte, Y. (2004). Security and Protection in Information Processing Systems: IFIP 18th World Computer Congress : TC11 19th International Information Security Conference, 22-27 August 2004, Toulouse, France. New York: Springer. Dorantes, C. (2006). The Impact of Information Security Breaches On Financial Performance of the Breached Firms: An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Information Technology Management, 17(2), 13-20. Genser, M. (2010). Trustwave Launches Physical Security Testing. Web. Meghanathan, N. (2010). Recent Trends in Network Security and Applications: Third International Conference, Cnsa 2010, Chennai, India, July 23-25, 2010 Proceedings. New York: Springer. Tipton, H. (2011). Information Security Management Handbook. London: CRC Press. Walsh, T. (2012). Security Risk Analysis and Management: An Overview (Updated). Web. Whitman, M. (2010). Management of Information Security. London: Cengage Learning. This essay on Information Systems Security was written and submitted by user Eli Reyes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Albert Hofmann and the Invention of LSD

Albert Hofmann and the Invention of LSD LSD was first synthesized on November 16, 1938, by Swiss chemist Albert Hofmann in Sandoz Laboratories in Basle, Switzerland. However, it was a few years before Albert Hofmann realized what he had invented. LSD, known as LSD-25 or Lysergic Acid Diethylamide, is a psychoactive hallucinogenic drug. LSD-25 LSD-25 was the twenty-fifth compound developed during Albert Hofmanns study of amides of Lysergic acid, hence the name. LSD is considered a semi-synthetic chemical. The natural component of LSD-25 is lysergic acid, a type of ergot alkaloid that is naturally made by the ergot fungus, though a synthesizing process is necessary to create the drug. LSD was being developed by Sandoz Laboratories as a possible circulatory and respiratory stimulant. Other ergot alkaloids had been studied for medicinal purposes. For example, one ergot was used to induce childbirth. Discovery as a Hallucinogen It was not until 1943 that Albert Hofmann discovered the hallucinogenic properties of LSD. LSD has a chemical structure that is very similar to the neurotransmitter called serotonin. However, it is still not clear what produces all the effects of LSD. According to a Road Junky writer, Albert Hoffman deliberately dosed himself [after a milder accidental dose] with just 25 mg, an amount he didnt imagine would produce any effect. Hoffman got on his bicycle and rode home [from the Lab] and arrived in a state of panic. He felt he was losing his grip on sanity and could only think to ask for milk from the neighbors to counter the poisoning. Albert Hoffman's Trip Albert Hoffman wrote this about his LSD experience, Everything in the room spun around, and the familiar objects and pieces of furniture assumed grotesque, threatening forms. The lady next door, whom I scarcely recognized, brought me milk†¦ She was no longer Mrs. R., but rather a malevolent, insidious witch with a colored mask.† Sandoz Laboratories, the only company to manufacture and sell LSD, first marketed the drug in 1947 under the trade name Delysid. Legal Status It is legal to buy Lysergic acid in the U.S. However, it is illegal to process Lysergic acid into lysergic acid diethylamide, the psychoactive drug LSD.

Carther in the rye Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Carther in the rye - Essay Example per therefore addresses these age-related psychological states of Holden, how these states alienate him from the society, thereby slowing his psychological development. To begin with, Holden believes that the protection of innocence and especially childhood innocence is a virtue that all must uphold. For instance, he thinks of Jane Gallagher as the little girl he used to play checkers with, and not as a growing woman. He loathes the fact that some men make sexual advances towards women, some of whom, like Jane, he feels are supposed to remain pure. At one instance, Holden says, â€Å"Most guys at Pencey just  talked  about having sexual intercourse with girls all the time – like Ackley, for instance – but old Stradlater really did it,† (Bloom, 2007, 7.32). This statement expresses his disgust towards such behaviors. In chapter 22, a conversation between Phoebe and Holden reveals to us what he terms as the purpose of his life, that of being a catcher in the rye. He pictures children playing in a field of rye next to a cliff, and imagines that he would catch them in the event that they slip. This dream shows us that he has af fection for childhood. Finally, Holden’s obsession with profanity manifests itself when he sees obscene graffiti in school. While on his way to visiting his friend Phoebe, he sees the words ‘fuck you’ (Bloom, 2007, Cap. 25) inscribed on the wall and tries to erase them. This shows his dislike against anything that may corrupt the mind of the children. Holden also shows disgust towards what he terms the ‘phoniness’ of the adult world. Holden uses this phrase to describe such aspects as hypocrisy, pretension and shallowness. One of the things that Holden brands as phony is the movies and anything related to them. However, we observe that he watches movies not because he loves them, but due to the lack of an alternative. He also believes that people are phony because they accept middle class values, for instance, he says, â€Å"Lawyers

President Obama's Health care reform Research Paper

President Obama's Health care reform - Research Paper Example coverage, insured families that are only a sickness away from financial ruin as well to as patients whose insurance companies have rebuffed covering them. This law has several components that are outlined in the following paper. This paper is further going to give the case for and case against the law. The health care reform is a comprehensive insurance strategy that aims to ensure that every American has quality health care and it is affordable to them. The aim of the health care reform was to target and ensure that all Americans were insured for their health care in a way that was affordable for the individual, the family and the government at large. The reform’s plan was also to target every individual in America irrespective of whether one had a prior cover or not. This was very vital as the number of uninsured individuals was on the increase as would be compared from the year 2000 during which it was only 13.1% of the Americans. This number went up to 16.3% in the year 2010 (Christie, Para 1). The major reasons for such a big percentage is the increase in restrictions for acquiring health care insurance and the increasing cost of getting the cover as well. Some of the restrictions were the denial of cover for individuals with pre-existing conditions such as diabetes in children and young adults aged 19 and 25 years of age who did not have medical cover in the place where they were working. Furthermore, the high cost was way above the affordability of most middle and low-income earners. The battle to have the legislation about the reform has not been smooth sailing and it has been largely treated as a battle between the democrats against the republicans. On the 7th of November 2009, when the bill was tabled in the house, the democrats had the day by a slight margin of 219 while the republicans had 212 (Kane, Para 1). Later on march the 23rd 2010, president Obama signed the bill into law and that, according to some people, was the light at the end of the

Vision Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Vision - Research Paper Example At the end of the process, there is the consolidation of the gains by the organization before ending the process by anchoring the change (Cameron and Mike 187). The success of any organization usually comes about due to the joint efforts of all stakeholders within the organization especially in decision-making. This calls for the engagement of every person within an organization in the coming up with a vision and its communication so that the business achieves its mission and objectives presently and in the future. This underscores the importance of vision to any business that operates in any environment, which must carefully adopt changes especially in its vision to align it with the dynamism of the operational environment. In this work, our focus will be on vision, what and how it should be and the reason for having the vision within an organization. Vision is important to any organization as it will determining the success of the business as it gives the process through which the business is to be run and the expected benefits. This means that having a strong vision and the strategy for executing it is important in the carrying out of change within any organization. According to Kotter, having an effective vision helps the company to define its future by conveying a picture of what it will look like as well as knowing the realistic and attainable goals. The vision also helps in knowing the long-term interests of the employees and guidance on the decision-making goals of the organization. A clear vision for an organization helps in allowing individual initiative and the possibility of having alternatives especially when the conditions within the organization change. According to Kotter, the management of change within an organization is important for the planning and the control off the processes within the organization that are geared towards transforming the way it is run

Early Developments Of Narrative Cinema Film

Early Developments Of Narrative Cinema Film Using either two short films from films silent period (pre 1929), or one short film and an extract from a longer film (both of which should also be pre 1929) discuss what they can tell us about the early developments of narrative cinema. Early development of narrative cinema pre 1929 (silent films) Films have changed a great deal since the earliest productions in the silent era of around 1898 to around 1929, when the development of sound was conceived. Many advances in film have enhanced the viewing pleasure, from the almost alien productions created nearly a hundred years ago, for example Georges Melies Voyage to the Moon (1902), to the familiar films of our generation, such as James Camerons Avatar. This essay will discuss the changes made from a visual and aesthetic cinema to a structured narrative cinema. Also how films may have evolved in both plot and story, and also how the development of the narrative form changed, in some respects, films viewing purpose and audiences expectations. Analyzing why films which contain narratives and the ability to derive tension from their audience overtook the medium most popular at the time, the cinema of attractions, will help us to understand how films viewing changed. By comparing two very different silent films, Rescued by Rover (directed by Lewin Fitzhamon 1905) and Broken Blossoms (directed by D .W. Griffith 1919) one would expect to see a great many differences, not only technological (such as the length of the films, and editing advancements) but also such things as character development, and characters emotional drives along with the variety of devices which drive the narrative forward. Comparing the entirety of Rescued by Rover with just a short scene from Broken Blossoms will enable us to select the clear advances in narrative structure and understand their development from the simple action and consequence format to the in-depth emotional build up created by films made later during the silent film era. The early 1900s saw change and growth, in both the production of short films and the demand. Thomas Elsaesser discusses this notion in his book Early Cinema: Space, Frame, Narrative suggesting that 1905 saw the production of many stable permanent theaters being set up as well as the film industry trying to knit developments together, such as the first full film reel and a number of film theaters allowing the exchange of films as a means of distribution. These and other developments, took place in order to try and produce a stable industry. The introduction of films containing narratives has played a significant role in the popularity and production of films. Short silent films shown just before and during the very early 1900s did not focus on the need to tell a story as much, maybe because the development of film only really began a decade before. However, on March 22, 1895, in Paris, France, the Socià ©tà © dEncouragement à   lIndustrie Nationale (National Society for the Promotion of Industry) gathered to watch a film depicting factory workers leaving for their dinner hour, which although may seem primitive to an audience of today, must have been an impressive show and indeed an exciting step forward from the kinetoscope. The film, screened and viewed in front of an audience, was an innovation created by brothers Louis Lumià ¨re (1864-1948) and Auguste Lumià ¨re (1862-1954). Loius Lumiere made many short films which included, LArroseur arrose, known in English as The Gardener and the Bad Boy, which unlike the pr evious films contained a comic narrative structure. Joel. W. Finler in his book Silent Cinema: before the coming of sound, states that although shot from a fixed camera position, the picture demonstrates a sophisticated use of the film frame, suggesting that the film had previous planning and each frame had been structured for both characters so that they would fit nicely, showing early attempts to add to the film aesthetically. Rescued by Rover was made in 1905. It was directed by Cecil Hepworth and Lewin Fizhamon and the Hepworth manufacturing company was the production company. The short film is about a baby who is kidnapped by an old woman, but luckily the family collie rescues the baby. The film is very easy to follow, containing a variety of simple shots all helping the viewer to follow the narrative. The first shot is of the baby and the dog sitting quietly together, then the mother is seen wheeling the baby up a path in her pram, a nasty old woman approaches the mother begging, but the mother walks on, ignoring the old woman. In the next shot the mother is distracted by another man talking to her. They both chat while sneakily the old woman steals her precious baby. This is a simple example of films early jump to the narrative structure. In narrative it is all the events, both explicitly presented and inferred that make the story, an example of this is provided in Rescued by Rover. Three shots are used to set up the plot,( the baby and dog together, the mother pushing the baby the baby is taken.) followed by another sixteen shots showing Rover tracking down the child, these sixteen shots are repeated twice more to show, (in reverse) the dog returning home and then again when rover takes the father with him, however a forth repeat of the sequence is not shown (the dog, the father and the baby returning home together) and instead a shot of the kidnapper returning to her room, followed by a shot of the reunited family is provided. The film assumes that the audience does not need to see the Father, baby and dog returning home, but that the audience is able to identify that this was happening while the shot of the beggar woman returning to her house was shown. The films ability to involve itself with the audience and coherently lay each relevant characters plight, initiates an emotional response, such as sympathy for the baby and sorrow for the mother when she loses her baby. Films like The Gardener and the Bad Boy and Rescued by Rover are clear examples of why the demand for narrative films grew. Bernard F Dick discusses narrative films advance in his book Anatomy of Film, Fifth edition, saying the narrative film came about when film makers discovered the medium could do more than just record whatever was in front of the camera. The next step was not only to capture it but to re-create it; to show what could or might be; in other words to tell a story. This suggests that films such as Rescued by Rover and The Gardener and the Bad Boy where successful experiments in the field of narrative cinema and led to much more in-depth narrative films. Broken Blossoms, the film directed by D W Griffith, stands proudly among the greats of the silent film era, and unlike Rescued by Rover, uses intertitles. Bernard. F.Dick, in Anatomy of Film, discusses this notion when commenting, Printed material that appeared on the screen periodically during the course of the movie, the intertitle was one of the ways in which the silent filmmaker supplemented the narrative or clarified the action; it is also a reminder of films early dependence on printed word. D.W.Griffith used intertitles for a variety of purposes, not just to reproduce dialogue and identify characters. One clear difference in the two films, Rescued by Rover and Broken Blossoms, is the ability to develop a much more in-depth relationship between the character and the viewer. Broken Blossoms, contains both a larger plot and story opening up to a wider range of audiences, because of its variety in characters (the poor lost girl with what seems like no hope, and the wandering Chinese man whose fame and respect are as nothing in a cruel foreign world.) Broken Blossoms also uses different advances in camera work: to better tell a story, such as the scene in which the poor girls ghastly father finds her sleeping in the Chinese mans bed, the scene cuts backwards and forwards from shots of the fathers face getting more and more angry, to the girl becoming more and more scared shot and the scene is edited correctly for convincing continuity, and the correct level of tension has been created. However D.W.Griffith has allowed for emotion to be displayed though characters actions as well, inste ad of only using Intertitles in the scene where the father discovers Lucy in the Chinese mans room, such as You! with a dirty chink! and Taint nothin wrong! Taint nothin wrong! I fell down in the doorway and it wasnt nothin wrong! Different shots are given to display the emotions of the father and Lucy, several close up shots of both Lucy and the father are provided. The tension is built up by the shots of their faces getting closer and closer until the audience is shown an extreme close up of their eyes, this serves to drive the plot and create emotional response from the viewers. From viewing early silent films and analyzing both Rescued by Rover and Broken Blossoms, one conclusion dominates above others: the progression narrative film has taken in film makers ability to tell a story, from a simple plot such as a dog saving a baby, to the elaborate plot of Broken Blossoms and its Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet-esc plot, filled with emotionally provoking moments. The development of a simple narrative working within a film has enabled us to make, and watch films with far more complex narratives. The simple narrative films of the past have paved the way for the future and the coming of sound and colour, bringing films to life with a vivid and beautifully developed mode of story telling.

Nurse Practitioner

Yaidelyn Alonso SLS1125: Matos 4/20/12 Nurses: â€Å"Caring Today For A Healthier Tomorrow† Growing up in a house hold of medical personnel, such as my mother and my aunt and other close relatives has really inspired me to become a Nurse Practitioner, but most of all my inspiration has come due to the death of my father. I want to help patients who may have false hope, who may think that there’s nothing anyone can do, I want to give patients hope, and I will devote my life to make a difference in the medical field.Although it won’t be easy, I know there will be obstacles I have to overcome, I think anything is possible if you persevere and if you commit yourself to do something that you love. At the end of the day you made at least one person’s life more enjoyable and filled them with hope, that’s what I’ll be thinking every night before I lay my head on my pillow. A Nurse Practitioner is a registered nurse with advanced training in diagnosin g and treating illnesses. Nurse Practitioners prescribe medication which usually RN’s cannot do, as well as treat illnesses, and administer physical exams.The difference between an NP and a physician is that they focus on prevention, wellness and education. To be more specific Nurse Practitioners may specialize in either Neonatal Care with new born and baby’s or Geriatric Health, Adult Health, Oncology, Family Health and Psychiatric/Mental Health. Personally I love trauma centers and the Emergency Room, I’m quick on my feet and I do not like standing around, I like a job that challenges me and keeps me occupied.As a Nurse Practitioner you can sub-specialize in different areas and lately I’ve been very interested in Oncology. To be very brief my father passed away due to cancer in his liver, I want to help and provide my utmost help to those with cancer like his, I want to make someone’s day a little brighter no matter how sick they really feel. I d on’t just want to be a healthcare personnel I want to be the difference in someone’s life, I want patients to have faith in me because I won’t fail to care to there every need.In order to become an NP there’s certain qualifications you need to abide by and of course you first must finish you AA and your bachelors in Registered Nursing. As a current student in Miami Dade College I’ve researched and spoke with counselors that have guided me into the classes I must take to even get into the nursing program. Such as the basics chemistry and human growth and development, as well as Anatomy 1 and Anatomy 2, it’s not just taking the classes but about passing them with extraordinary grades and graduate with your AA and a really good GPA.After graduating with my AA I plan to transfer to FIU and further my studies, they have a great Nursing program, as soon as I graduate with my bachelors degree I will continue to get my masters and broaden my knowled ge in my studies. To be a nurse practitioner, you need to have a graduate degree, such as a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) or Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP). The current minimum education needed to work as a Nurse Practitioner is a MSN degree, which takes 3-4 years to complete, depending on your specialty.Many colleges and universities prefer you have a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) for entry into this graduate program, while other schools allow a bachelor's degree in another field if you are a registered nurse. In further detail In order to become an oncology nurse specialist, I will need to learn specific cancer care skills through coursework, clinical practice or continuing education. After gaining enough knowledge and on-the-job experience, I then can take an exam to become an Oncology Certified Nurse.To become an oncology nurse practitioner, I will also need to complete a  Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) degree, typically obtained through a 2-year program of g raduate study. As an oncology nurse practitioner, I will need at least 500 hours of supervised clinical practice in oncology to be eligible to take the certification examination to become an Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP). Certification is required in many states such as Florida. As with all  nursing careers, the demand for oncology nurses practitioner is expected to increase significantly over the next ten years.This is especially true because the vast majority of cancers are diagnosed in people over 55, making oncology nurses critically necessary! The median expected salary for a typical  Nurse Practitioner  in the  United States  is  $90,531. Nursing is an art: and if it is to be made an art, It requires an exclusive devotion as hard a preparation, as any painter's or sculptor's work; for what is the having to do with dead canvas or dead marble, compared with having to do with the living body, the temple of God's spirit? It is one of the Fine A rts: I had almost said, the finest of Fine Arts. – Florence Nightingale Nurse Practitioner Yaidelyn Alonso SLS1125: Matos 4/20/12 Nurses: â€Å"Caring Today For A Healthier Tomorrow† Growing up in a house hold of medical personnel, such as my mother and my aunt and other close relatives has really inspired me to become a Nurse Practitioner, but most of all my inspiration has come due to the death of my father. I want to help patients who may have false hope, who may think that there’s nothing anyone can do, I want to give patients hope, and I will devote my life to make a difference in the medical field.Although it won’t be easy, I know there will be obstacles I have to overcome, I think anything is possible if you persevere and if you commit yourself to do something that you love. At the end of the day you made at least one person’s life more enjoyable and filled them with hope, that’s what I’ll be thinking every night before I lay my head on my pillow. A Nurse Practitioner is a registered nurse with advanced training in diagnosin g and treating illnesses. Nurse Practitioners prescribe medication which usually RN’s cannot do, as well as treat illnesses, and administer physical exams.The difference between an NP and a physician is that they focus on prevention, wellness and education. To be more specific Nurse Practitioners may specialize in either Neonatal Care with new born and baby’s or Geriatric Health, Adult Health, Oncology, Family Health and Psychiatric/Mental Health. Personally I love trauma centers and the Emergency Room, I’m quick on my feet and I do not like standing around, I like a job that challenges me and keeps me occupied.As a Nurse Practitioner you can sub-specialize in different areas and lately I’ve been very interested in Oncology. To be very brief my father passed away due to cancer in his liver, I want to help and provide my utmost help to those with cancer like his, I want to make someone’s day a little brighter no matter how sick they really feel. I d on’t just want to be a healthcare personnel I want to be the difference in someone’s life, I want patients to have faith in me because I won’t fail to care to there every need.In order to become an NP there’s certain qualifications you need to abide by and of course you first must finish you AA and your bachelors in Registered Nursing. As a current student in Miami Dade College I’ve researched and spoke with counselors that have guided me into the classes I must take to even get into the nursing program. Such as the basics chemistry and human growth and development, as well as Anatomy 1 and Anatomy 2, it’s not just taking the classes but about passing them with extraordinary grades and graduate with your AA and a really good GPA.After graduating with my AA I plan to transfer to FIU and further my studies, they have a great Nursing program, as soon as I graduate with my bachelors degree I will continue to get my masters and broaden my knowled ge in my studies. To be a nurse practitioner, you need to have a graduate degree, such as a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) or Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP). The current minimum education needed to work as a Nurse Practitioner is a MSN degree, which takes 3-4 years to complete, depending on your specialty.Many colleges and universities prefer you have a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) for entry into this graduate program, while other schools allow a bachelor's degree in another field if you are a registered nurse. In further detail In order to become an oncology nurse specialist, I will need to learn specific cancer care skills through coursework, clinical practice or continuing education. After gaining enough knowledge and on-the-job experience, I then can take an exam to become an Oncology Certified Nurse.To become an oncology nurse practitioner, I will also need to complete a  Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) degree, typically obtained through a 2-year program of g raduate study. As an oncology nurse practitioner, I will need at least 500 hours of supervised clinical practice in oncology to be eligible to take the certification examination to become an Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP). Certification is required in many states such as Florida. As with all  nursing careers, the demand for oncology nurses practitioner is expected to increase significantly over the next ten years.This is especially true because the vast majority of cancers are diagnosed in people over 55, making oncology nurses critically necessary! The median expected salary for a typical  Nurse Practitioner  in the  United States  is  $90,531. Nursing is an art: and if it is to be made an art, It requires an exclusive devotion as hard a preparation, as any painter's or sculptor's work; for what is the having to do with dead canvas or dead marble, compared with having to do with the living body, the temple of God's spirit? It is one of the Fine A rts: I had almost said, the finest of Fine Arts. – Florence Nightingale

Impact of International Trade in Nigeria Essay

Several countries have achieved growth through an export–led strategy. Small economies in particular have very little opportunity to achieve productivity and efficiency gains to support growth. Without tapping into larger markets through external trade, Nigeria’s relatively large domestic market can support growth but alone, cannot deliver sustained growth at the rates needed to make a visible impact on poverty reduction. Hence Nigeria has continued to rely on foreign markets as well (World Bank, 2002). Many economists generally agree that openness to international trade accelerates development. The more rapid growth may be a transition effect rather than a shift to a different steady state growth rate. Clearly, the transition takes a couple of decades or more, so that it is reasonable to speak of trade openness accelerating growth rather than merely leading to a sudden one time adjustment in real income (Dollar and Kraay, 2001). Economic growth means an increase in the average rate of output produced per person usually measured on a per annum basis. The relationship between trade and growth is envisaged through an export – led growth strategy, following the theory that sustained trade is the main engine of economic growth.

Learn How Separation of Powers Balances the Government

Learn How Separation of Powers Balances the Government The term separation of powers originated with the Baron de Montesquieu, a writer from the 18th-century French enlightenment. However, the actual separation of powers amongst different branches of government can be traced to ancient Greece. The framers of the United States Constitution decided to base the American governmental system on this idea of three separate branches: executive, judicial, and legislative. The three branches are distinct and have checks and balances on each other. In this way, no one branch can gain absolute power or abuse the power they are given. In the United States, the executive branch is headed by the President and includes the bureaucracy. The legislative branch includes both houses of Congress: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court and the lower federal courts. The Fears of the Framers One of the framers of the U.S. Constitution, Alexander Hamilton was the first American to write of the balances and checks that can be said to characterize the American system of separation of powers. It was James Madisons scheme that differentiated between the executive and legislative branches. By having the legislature divided into two chambers, Madison argued that they would harness political competition into a system that would organize, check, balance, and diffuse power. The framers endowed each branch with distinct dispositional, political, and institutional characteristics, and made them each answerable to different constituencies. The biggest fear of the framers was that the government would be overwhelmed by an imperious, domineering national legislature. The separation of the powers, thought the framers, was a system that would be a machine that would go of itself, and keep that from happening. Challenges to the Separation of Powers Oddly, the framers were wrong from the outset: the separation of powers has not led to a smoothly working government of the branches that compete with one another for power, but rather political alliances across the branches are confined to party lines that hinder the machine from running. Madison saw the president, courts, and Senate as bodies who would work together and fend off power grabs from the other branches. Instead, the division of the citizens, the courts, and the legislative bodies into political parties have pushed those parties in the U.S. government into a perpetual struggle to aggrandize their own power in all three branches. One great challenge to the separation of powers was under Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who as part of the New Deal created administrative agencies to lead his various plans for recovery from the Great Depression. Under Roosevelts own control, the agencies wrote rules and effectively created their own court cases. That enabled the agency heads to select optimal enforcement to establish agency policy, and since they were created by the executive branch, that in turn greatly enhanced the power of the presidency. The checks and balances can be preserved, if people pay attention, by the rise and maintenance of a politically insulated civil service, and constraints by Congress and the Supreme Court on agency leaders. Sources Levinson DJ, and Pildes RH. 2006. Separation of Parties, Not Powers. Harvard Law Review 119(8):2311-2386.Michaels JD. 2015. An Enduring, Evolving Separation of Powers. Columbia Law Review 115(3):515-597.Nourse V. 1999. The Vertical Separation of Powers. Duke Law Journal 49(3):749-802.

Proper Use of The Colon

Proper Use of The Colon Proper Use of The Colon Proper Use of The Colon By Mark Nichol The colon is a versatile punctuation mark. Here are its three primary functions, followed by a few other uses: Definition or Expansion â€Å"But here’s the interesting thing: He hadn’t ever been there before.† Note the capitalization of the first word after the colon. All usage guides agree that in a sentence like â€Å"I want you to tell me one thing: the truth,† the first word should be lowercase because it begins a phrase, not a complete sentence. But handbooks are divided over whether to capitalize complete sentences. The Chicago Manual of Style advises doing so only when the defining or expanding passage following the colon consists of two or more sentences. Others disagree, and though I usually follow Chicago, I concur with them: It can be difficult in a passage to know when the definition or expansion ends, and the distinction between a single sentence and two or more seems trivial and inconsistent. Setting up a Quotation He makes this moral argument: â€Å"Taking whatever we need from the world to support our comfortable lives is not worthy of us as moral beings.† Note that the colon concludes an independent clause that introduces a statement; it brings the reader to a temporary halt. Writers, ignoring the grammatical distinction between this construction and a simple attribution, widely but incorrectly use colons in place of commas, as in this erroneous usage: â€Å"He voted against it, declaring: ‘The only thing this bill will stimulate is the national debt.’† In this case, or after â€Å"He said† or â€Å"She asked† or a similar term, a simple comma suffices. Introducing a List When a phrase that introduces a numbered, unnumbered, or bullet list, or a run-in list, syntactically comes to a stop, use the colon as the bumper: â€Å"The two central questions in ethical theories are as follows: 1. What is the good for which we strive or should strive, and what is the evil that we would like to or must avoid? 2. What is the proper or desired course of action, and what is the inappropriate or forbidden course of action?† But when each item in the list is an incomplete sentence that continues an introductory phrase, omit it: â€Å"For this experiment, you will need electrical wire (at least 3 feet), a pair of wire cutters, a battery, a flashlight bulb, and electrical tape.† When, in the latter example, the list is formatted with the introductory phrase and each item on its own line, â€Å"For this experiment, you will need† remains bereft of a colon, and each item ends with a period. (Notice that my explanatory introduction to each list type above is closed, with a colon.) Colons are used in several other ways to clarify relationships between words and numbers: They set off a character’s name from a line of dialogue in a script; separate titles and subtitles of books, films, and other works; distinguish between chapter and verse in reference to books of the Bible and in similar usages; and separate numerals denoting hours, minutes, and other units of time. In addition, they have specific functions in mathematics, logic, and computer programming, as well as informal roles in setting actions or sounds apart from words in email and online chats (much as parentheses are used in quotations and dialogue) and as a basic character in emoticons (arrangements of punctuation marks and other symbols to simulate a facial expression). But it is when the colon is employed in one of the three primary purposes that errors are most likely to appear and communication is most likely to be compromised. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph ExamplesThe Many Forms of the Verb TO BECharles's Pen and Jesus' Name

The title of the paper is TTYL LOL Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The title of the is TTYL LOL - Research Paper Example appear to be more and more devoured as a result of technology advancement, which continues to sprout everyday, particularly when it comes to social media. Numerous researchers have noticed that technology and social media has become a huge diversion for students and has affected them negatively especially deteriorating their grammar. Social Media can indisputably have unconstructive effects on grammar, depending schema of grammar and the personality of a student. If a student has ideal prior acquaintance of grammar, then technology and social media may strengthen the grammar skills since it can be utilized as an instrument to correct and analyze poor grammatical skills. Conversely, if a scholar has poor grammatical skills, it asserts that social media may perpetuate poor grammatical skills, as well as, grammar usage. This paper demonstrates the bad effects posed by technology and social media. With the improvement in technology, everything that students do seems quicker. Contemporary phone companies center on having power over communication which may be based on efficiency and speed (McLeod & Lehmann, 2011). The continuous usage of cell phones has drastically changed social media networking in that technology has allowed the access of social media sites anyplace, at whichever time. In 2004, Facebook was initiated as a Harvard solitary social network by a computer geek in his early twenties. Facebook had conquered each and every other social network by 2008 and it went from university students using it to small kids and foreign students it. In the present day, you can barely run into somebody who has never had or who does not have a Facebook profile. Facebook may be just one of the numerous forms of social media and technology that has altered our grammar totally. â€Å"At the moment, Facebook more than any other corporation, delineates social networking and has more than one billion users and still growing to unprecedented levels† (Potter, 2012), and with the