Early Developments Of Narrative Cinema Film

Early Developments Of Narrative Cinema Film Using either two short films from films silent period (pre 1929), or one short film and an extract from a longer film (both of which should also be pre 1929) discuss what they can tell us about the early developments of narrative cinema. Early development of narrative cinema pre 1929 (silent films) Films have changed a great deal since the earliest productions in the silent era of around 1898 to around 1929, when the development of sound was conceived. Many advances in film have enhanced the viewing pleasure, from the almost alien productions created nearly a hundred years ago, for example Georges Melies Voyage to the Moon (1902), to the familiar films of our generation, such as James Camerons Avatar. This essay will discuss the changes made from a visual and aesthetic cinema to a structured narrative cinema. Also how films may have evolved in both plot and story, and also how the development of the narrative form changed, in some respects, films viewing purpose and audiences expectations. Analyzing why films which contain narratives and the ability to derive tension from their audience overtook the medium most popular at the time, the cinema of attractions, will help us to understand how films viewing changed. By comparing two very different silent films, Rescued by Rover (directed by Lewin Fitzhamon 1905) and Broken Blossoms (directed by D .W. Griffith 1919) one would expect to see a great many differences, not only technological (such as the length of the films, and editing advancements) but also such things as character development, and characters emotional drives along with the variety of devices which drive the narrative forward. Comparing the entirety of Rescued by Rover with just a short scene from Broken Blossoms will enable us to select the clear advances in narrative structure and understand their development from the simple action and consequence format to the in-depth emotional build up created by films made later during the silent film era. The early 1900s saw change and growth, in both the production of short films and the demand. Thomas Elsaesser discusses this notion in his book Early Cinema: Space, Frame, Narrative suggesting that 1905 saw the production of many stable permanent theaters being set up as well as the film industry trying to knit developments together, such as the first full film reel and a number of film theaters allowing the exchange of films as a means of distribution. These and other developments, took place in order to try and produce a stable industry. The introduction of films containing narratives has played a significant role in the popularity and production of films. Short silent films shown just before and during the very early 1900s did not focus on the need to tell a story as much, maybe because the development of film only really began a decade before. However, on March 22, 1895, in Paris, France, the Socià ©tà © dEncouragement à   lIndustrie Nationale (National Society for the Promotion of Industry) gathered to watch a film depicting factory workers leaving for their dinner hour, which although may seem primitive to an audience of today, must have been an impressive show and indeed an exciting step forward from the kinetoscope. The film, screened and viewed in front of an audience, was an innovation created by brothers Louis Lumià ¨re (1864-1948) and Auguste Lumià ¨re (1862-1954). Loius Lumiere made many short films which included, LArroseur arrose, known in English as The Gardener and the Bad Boy, which unlike the pr evious films contained a comic narrative structure. Joel. W. Finler in his book Silent Cinema: before the coming of sound, states that although shot from a fixed camera position, the picture demonstrates a sophisticated use of the film frame, suggesting that the film had previous planning and each frame had been structured for both characters so that they would fit nicely, showing early attempts to add to the film aesthetically. Rescued by Rover was made in 1905. It was directed by Cecil Hepworth and Lewin Fizhamon and the Hepworth manufacturing company was the production company. The short film is about a baby who is kidnapped by an old woman, but luckily the family collie rescues the baby. The film is very easy to follow, containing a variety of simple shots all helping the viewer to follow the narrative. The first shot is of the baby and the dog sitting quietly together, then the mother is seen wheeling the baby up a path in her pram, a nasty old woman approaches the mother begging, but the mother walks on, ignoring the old woman. In the next shot the mother is distracted by another man talking to her. They both chat while sneakily the old woman steals her precious baby. This is a simple example of films early jump to the narrative structure. In narrative it is all the events, both explicitly presented and inferred that make the story, an example of this is provided in Rescued by Rover. Three shots are used to set up the plot,( the baby and dog together, the mother pushing the baby the baby is taken.) followed by another sixteen shots showing Rover tracking down the child, these sixteen shots are repeated twice more to show, (in reverse) the dog returning home and then again when rover takes the father with him, however a forth repeat of the sequence is not shown (the dog, the father and the baby returning home together) and instead a shot of the kidnapper returning to her room, followed by a shot of the reunited family is provided. The film assumes that the audience does not need to see the Father, baby and dog returning home, but that the audience is able to identify that this was happening while the shot of the beggar woman returning to her house was shown. The films ability to involve itself with the audience and coherently lay each relevant characters plight, initiates an emotional response, such as sympathy for the baby and sorrow for the mother when she loses her baby. Films like The Gardener and the Bad Boy and Rescued by Rover are clear examples of why the demand for narrative films grew. Bernard F Dick discusses narrative films advance in his book Anatomy of Film, Fifth edition, saying the narrative film came about when film makers discovered the medium could do more than just record whatever was in front of the camera. The next step was not only to capture it but to re-create it; to show what could or might be; in other words to tell a story. This suggests that films such as Rescued by Rover and The Gardener and the Bad Boy where successful experiments in the field of narrative cinema and led to much more in-depth narrative films. Broken Blossoms, the film directed by D W Griffith, stands proudly among the greats of the silent film era, and unlike Rescued by Rover, uses intertitles. Bernard. F.Dick, in Anatomy of Film, discusses this notion when commenting, Printed material that appeared on the screen periodically during the course of the movie, the intertitle was one of the ways in which the silent filmmaker supplemented the narrative or clarified the action; it is also a reminder of films early dependence on printed word. D.W.Griffith used intertitles for a variety of purposes, not just to reproduce dialogue and identify characters. One clear difference in the two films, Rescued by Rover and Broken Blossoms, is the ability to develop a much more in-depth relationship between the character and the viewer. Broken Blossoms, contains both a larger plot and story opening up to a wider range of audiences, because of its variety in characters (the poor lost girl with what seems like no hope, and the wandering Chinese man whose fame and respect are as nothing in a cruel foreign world.) Broken Blossoms also uses different advances in camera work: to better tell a story, such as the scene in which the poor girls ghastly father finds her sleeping in the Chinese mans bed, the scene cuts backwards and forwards from shots of the fathers face getting more and more angry, to the girl becoming more and more scared shot and the scene is edited correctly for convincing continuity, and the correct level of tension has been created. However D.W.Griffith has allowed for emotion to be displayed though characters actions as well, inste ad of only using Intertitles in the scene where the father discovers Lucy in the Chinese mans room, such as You! with a dirty chink! and Taint nothin wrong! Taint nothin wrong! I fell down in the doorway and it wasnt nothin wrong! Different shots are given to display the emotions of the father and Lucy, several close up shots of both Lucy and the father are provided. The tension is built up by the shots of their faces getting closer and closer until the audience is shown an extreme close up of their eyes, this serves to drive the plot and create emotional response from the viewers. From viewing early silent films and analyzing both Rescued by Rover and Broken Blossoms, one conclusion dominates above others: the progression narrative film has taken in film makers ability to tell a story, from a simple plot such as a dog saving a baby, to the elaborate plot of Broken Blossoms and its Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet-esc plot, filled with emotionally provoking moments. The development of a simple narrative working within a film has enabled us to make, and watch films with far more complex narratives. The simple narrative films of the past have paved the way for the future and the coming of sound and colour, bringing films to life with a vivid and beautifully developed mode of story telling.

Nurse Practitioner

Yaidelyn Alonso SLS1125: Matos 4/20/12 Nurses: â€Å"Caring Today For A Healthier Tomorrow† Growing up in a house hold of medical personnel, such as my mother and my aunt and other close relatives has really inspired me to become a Nurse Practitioner, but most of all my inspiration has come due to the death of my father. I want to help patients who may have false hope, who may think that there’s nothing anyone can do, I want to give patients hope, and I will devote my life to make a difference in the medical field.Although it won’t be easy, I know there will be obstacles I have to overcome, I think anything is possible if you persevere and if you commit yourself to do something that you love. At the end of the day you made at least one person’s life more enjoyable and filled them with hope, that’s what I’ll be thinking every night before I lay my head on my pillow. A Nurse Practitioner is a registered nurse with advanced training in diagnosin g and treating illnesses. Nurse Practitioners prescribe medication which usually RN’s cannot do, as well as treat illnesses, and administer physical exams.The difference between an NP and a physician is that they focus on prevention, wellness and education. To be more specific Nurse Practitioners may specialize in either Neonatal Care with new born and baby’s or Geriatric Health, Adult Health, Oncology, Family Health and Psychiatric/Mental Health. Personally I love trauma centers and the Emergency Room, I’m quick on my feet and I do not like standing around, I like a job that challenges me and keeps me occupied.As a Nurse Practitioner you can sub-specialize in different areas and lately I’ve been very interested in Oncology. To be very brief my father passed away due to cancer in his liver, I want to help and provide my utmost help to those with cancer like his, I want to make someone’s day a little brighter no matter how sick they really feel. I d on’t just want to be a healthcare personnel I want to be the difference in someone’s life, I want patients to have faith in me because I won’t fail to care to there every need.In order to become an NP there’s certain qualifications you need to abide by and of course you first must finish you AA and your bachelors in Registered Nursing. As a current student in Miami Dade College I’ve researched and spoke with counselors that have guided me into the classes I must take to even get into the nursing program. Such as the basics chemistry and human growth and development, as well as Anatomy 1 and Anatomy 2, it’s not just taking the classes but about passing them with extraordinary grades and graduate with your AA and a really good GPA.After graduating with my AA I plan to transfer to FIU and further my studies, they have a great Nursing program, as soon as I graduate with my bachelors degree I will continue to get my masters and broaden my knowled ge in my studies. To be a nurse practitioner, you need to have a graduate degree, such as a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) or Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP). The current minimum education needed to work as a Nurse Practitioner is a MSN degree, which takes 3-4 years to complete, depending on your specialty.Many colleges and universities prefer you have a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) for entry into this graduate program, while other schools allow a bachelor's degree in another field if you are a registered nurse. In further detail In order to become an oncology nurse specialist, I will need to learn specific cancer care skills through coursework, clinical practice or continuing education. After gaining enough knowledge and on-the-job experience, I then can take an exam to become an Oncology Certified Nurse.To become an oncology nurse practitioner, I will also need to complete a  Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) degree, typically obtained through a 2-year program of g raduate study. As an oncology nurse practitioner, I will need at least 500 hours of supervised clinical practice in oncology to be eligible to take the certification examination to become an Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP). Certification is required in many states such as Florida. As with all  nursing careers, the demand for oncology nurses practitioner is expected to increase significantly over the next ten years.This is especially true because the vast majority of cancers are diagnosed in people over 55, making oncology nurses critically necessary! The median expected salary for a typical  Nurse Practitioner  in the  United States  is  $90,531. Nursing is an art: and if it is to be made an art, It requires an exclusive devotion as hard a preparation, as any painter's or sculptor's work; for what is the having to do with dead canvas or dead marble, compared with having to do with the living body, the temple of God's spirit? It is one of the Fine A rts: I had almost said, the finest of Fine Arts. – Florence Nightingale Nurse Practitioner Yaidelyn Alonso SLS1125: Matos 4/20/12 Nurses: â€Å"Caring Today For A Healthier Tomorrow† Growing up in a house hold of medical personnel, such as my mother and my aunt and other close relatives has really inspired me to become a Nurse Practitioner, but most of all my inspiration has come due to the death of my father. I want to help patients who may have false hope, who may think that there’s nothing anyone can do, I want to give patients hope, and I will devote my life to make a difference in the medical field.Although it won’t be easy, I know there will be obstacles I have to overcome, I think anything is possible if you persevere and if you commit yourself to do something that you love. At the end of the day you made at least one person’s life more enjoyable and filled them with hope, that’s what I’ll be thinking every night before I lay my head on my pillow. A Nurse Practitioner is a registered nurse with advanced training in diagnosin g and treating illnesses. Nurse Practitioners prescribe medication which usually RN’s cannot do, as well as treat illnesses, and administer physical exams.The difference between an NP and a physician is that they focus on prevention, wellness and education. To be more specific Nurse Practitioners may specialize in either Neonatal Care with new born and baby’s or Geriatric Health, Adult Health, Oncology, Family Health and Psychiatric/Mental Health. Personally I love trauma centers and the Emergency Room, I’m quick on my feet and I do not like standing around, I like a job that challenges me and keeps me occupied.As a Nurse Practitioner you can sub-specialize in different areas and lately I’ve been very interested in Oncology. To be very brief my father passed away due to cancer in his liver, I want to help and provide my utmost help to those with cancer like his, I want to make someone’s day a little brighter no matter how sick they really feel. I d on’t just want to be a healthcare personnel I want to be the difference in someone’s life, I want patients to have faith in me because I won’t fail to care to there every need.In order to become an NP there’s certain qualifications you need to abide by and of course you first must finish you AA and your bachelors in Registered Nursing. As a current student in Miami Dade College I’ve researched and spoke with counselors that have guided me into the classes I must take to even get into the nursing program. Such as the basics chemistry and human growth and development, as well as Anatomy 1 and Anatomy 2, it’s not just taking the classes but about passing them with extraordinary grades and graduate with your AA and a really good GPA.After graduating with my AA I plan to transfer to FIU and further my studies, they have a great Nursing program, as soon as I graduate with my bachelors degree I will continue to get my masters and broaden my knowled ge in my studies. To be a nurse practitioner, you need to have a graduate degree, such as a Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) or Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP). The current minimum education needed to work as a Nurse Practitioner is a MSN degree, which takes 3-4 years to complete, depending on your specialty.Many colleges and universities prefer you have a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) for entry into this graduate program, while other schools allow a bachelor's degree in another field if you are a registered nurse. In further detail In order to become an oncology nurse specialist, I will need to learn specific cancer care skills through coursework, clinical practice or continuing education. After gaining enough knowledge and on-the-job experience, I then can take an exam to become an Oncology Certified Nurse.To become an oncology nurse practitioner, I will also need to complete a  Master of Science in Nursing (MSN) degree, typically obtained through a 2-year program of g raduate study. As an oncology nurse practitioner, I will need at least 500 hours of supervised clinical practice in oncology to be eligible to take the certification examination to become an Advanced Oncology Certified Nurse Practitioner (AOCNP). Certification is required in many states such as Florida. As with all  nursing careers, the demand for oncology nurses practitioner is expected to increase significantly over the next ten years.This is especially true because the vast majority of cancers are diagnosed in people over 55, making oncology nurses critically necessary! The median expected salary for a typical  Nurse Practitioner  in the  United States  is  $90,531. Nursing is an art: and if it is to be made an art, It requires an exclusive devotion as hard a preparation, as any painter's or sculptor's work; for what is the having to do with dead canvas or dead marble, compared with having to do with the living body, the temple of God's spirit? It is one of the Fine A rts: I had almost said, the finest of Fine Arts. – Florence Nightingale

Impact of International Trade in Nigeria Essay

Several countries have achieved growth through an export–led strategy. Small economies in particular have very little opportunity to achieve productivity and efficiency gains to support growth. Without tapping into larger markets through external trade, Nigeria’s relatively large domestic market can support growth but alone, cannot deliver sustained growth at the rates needed to make a visible impact on poverty reduction. Hence Nigeria has continued to rely on foreign markets as well (World Bank, 2002). Many economists generally agree that openness to international trade accelerates development. The more rapid growth may be a transition effect rather than a shift to a different steady state growth rate. Clearly, the transition takes a couple of decades or more, so that it is reasonable to speak of trade openness accelerating growth rather than merely leading to a sudden one time adjustment in real income (Dollar and Kraay, 2001). Economic growth means an increase in the average rate of output produced per person usually measured on a per annum basis. The relationship between trade and growth is envisaged through an export – led growth strategy, following the theory that sustained trade is the main engine of economic growth.

Learn How Separation of Powers Balances the Government

Learn How Separation of Powers Balances the Government The term separation of powers originated with the Baron de Montesquieu, a writer from the 18th-century French enlightenment. However, the actual separation of powers amongst different branches of government can be traced to ancient Greece. The framers of the United States Constitution decided to base the American governmental system on this idea of three separate branches: executive, judicial, and legislative. The three branches are distinct and have checks and balances on each other. In this way, no one branch can gain absolute power or abuse the power they are given. In the United States, the executive branch is headed by the President and includes the bureaucracy. The legislative branch includes both houses of Congress: the Senate and the House of Representatives. The judicial branch consists of the Supreme Court and the lower federal courts. The Fears of the Framers One of the framers of the U.S. Constitution, Alexander Hamilton was the first American to write of the balances and checks that can be said to characterize the American system of separation of powers. It was James Madisons scheme that differentiated between the executive and legislative branches. By having the legislature divided into two chambers, Madison argued that they would harness political competition into a system that would organize, check, balance, and diffuse power. The framers endowed each branch with distinct dispositional, political, and institutional characteristics, and made them each answerable to different constituencies. The biggest fear of the framers was that the government would be overwhelmed by an imperious, domineering national legislature. The separation of the powers, thought the framers, was a system that would be a machine that would go of itself, and keep that from happening. Challenges to the Separation of Powers Oddly, the framers were wrong from the outset: the separation of powers has not led to a smoothly working government of the branches that compete with one another for power, but rather political alliances across the branches are confined to party lines that hinder the machine from running. Madison saw the president, courts, and Senate as bodies who would work together and fend off power grabs from the other branches. Instead, the division of the citizens, the courts, and the legislative bodies into political parties have pushed those parties in the U.S. government into a perpetual struggle to aggrandize their own power in all three branches. One great challenge to the separation of powers was under Franklin Delano Roosevelt, who as part of the New Deal created administrative agencies to lead his various plans for recovery from the Great Depression. Under Roosevelts own control, the agencies wrote rules and effectively created their own court cases. That enabled the agency heads to select optimal enforcement to establish agency policy, and since they were created by the executive branch, that in turn greatly enhanced the power of the presidency. The checks and balances can be preserved, if people pay attention, by the rise and maintenance of a politically insulated civil service, and constraints by Congress and the Supreme Court on agency leaders. Sources Levinson DJ, and Pildes RH. 2006. Separation of Parties, Not Powers. Harvard Law Review 119(8):2311-2386.Michaels JD. 2015. An Enduring, Evolving Separation of Powers. Columbia Law Review 115(3):515-597.Nourse V. 1999. The Vertical Separation of Powers. Duke Law Journal 49(3):749-802.

Proper Use of The Colon

Proper Use of The Colon Proper Use of The Colon Proper Use of The Colon By Mark Nichol The colon is a versatile punctuation mark. Here are its three primary functions, followed by a few other uses: Definition or Expansion â€Å"But here’s the interesting thing: He hadn’t ever been there before.† Note the capitalization of the first word after the colon. All usage guides agree that in a sentence like â€Å"I want you to tell me one thing: the truth,† the first word should be lowercase because it begins a phrase, not a complete sentence. But handbooks are divided over whether to capitalize complete sentences. The Chicago Manual of Style advises doing so only when the defining or expanding passage following the colon consists of two or more sentences. Others disagree, and though I usually follow Chicago, I concur with them: It can be difficult in a passage to know when the definition or expansion ends, and the distinction between a single sentence and two or more seems trivial and inconsistent. Setting up a Quotation He makes this moral argument: â€Å"Taking whatever we need from the world to support our comfortable lives is not worthy of us as moral beings.† Note that the colon concludes an independent clause that introduces a statement; it brings the reader to a temporary halt. Writers, ignoring the grammatical distinction between this construction and a simple attribution, widely but incorrectly use colons in place of commas, as in this erroneous usage: â€Å"He voted against it, declaring: ‘The only thing this bill will stimulate is the national debt.’† In this case, or after â€Å"He said† or â€Å"She asked† or a similar term, a simple comma suffices. Introducing a List When a phrase that introduces a numbered, unnumbered, or bullet list, or a run-in list, syntactically comes to a stop, use the colon as the bumper: â€Å"The two central questions in ethical theories are as follows: 1. What is the good for which we strive or should strive, and what is the evil that we would like to or must avoid? 2. What is the proper or desired course of action, and what is the inappropriate or forbidden course of action?† But when each item in the list is an incomplete sentence that continues an introductory phrase, omit it: â€Å"For this experiment, you will need electrical wire (at least 3 feet), a pair of wire cutters, a battery, a flashlight bulb, and electrical tape.† When, in the latter example, the list is formatted with the introductory phrase and each item on its own line, â€Å"For this experiment, you will need† remains bereft of a colon, and each item ends with a period. (Notice that my explanatory introduction to each list type above is closed, with a colon.) Colons are used in several other ways to clarify relationships between words and numbers: They set off a character’s name from a line of dialogue in a script; separate titles and subtitles of books, films, and other works; distinguish between chapter and verse in reference to books of the Bible and in similar usages; and separate numerals denoting hours, minutes, and other units of time. In addition, they have specific functions in mathematics, logic, and computer programming, as well as informal roles in setting actions or sounds apart from words in email and online chats (much as parentheses are used in quotations and dialogue) and as a basic character in emoticons (arrangements of punctuation marks and other symbols to simulate a facial expression). But it is when the colon is employed in one of the three primary purposes that errors are most likely to appear and communication is most likely to be compromised. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Homograph ExamplesThe Many Forms of the Verb TO BECharles's Pen and Jesus' Name

The title of the paper is TTYL LOL Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The title of the is TTYL LOL - Research Paper Example appear to be more and more devoured as a result of technology advancement, which continues to sprout everyday, particularly when it comes to social media. Numerous researchers have noticed that technology and social media has become a huge diversion for students and has affected them negatively especially deteriorating their grammar. Social Media can indisputably have unconstructive effects on grammar, depending schema of grammar and the personality of a student. If a student has ideal prior acquaintance of grammar, then technology and social media may strengthen the grammar skills since it can be utilized as an instrument to correct and analyze poor grammatical skills. Conversely, if a scholar has poor grammatical skills, it asserts that social media may perpetuate poor grammatical skills, as well as, grammar usage. This paper demonstrates the bad effects posed by technology and social media. With the improvement in technology, everything that students do seems quicker. Contemporary phone companies center on having power over communication which may be based on efficiency and speed (McLeod & Lehmann, 2011). The continuous usage of cell phones has drastically changed social media networking in that technology has allowed the access of social media sites anyplace, at whichever time. In 2004, Facebook was initiated as a Harvard solitary social network by a computer geek in his early twenties. Facebook had conquered each and every other social network by 2008 and it went from university students using it to small kids and foreign students it. In the present day, you can barely run into somebody who has never had or who does not have a Facebook profile. Facebook may be just one of the numerous forms of social media and technology that has altered our grammar totally. â€Å"At the moment, Facebook more than any other corporation, delineates social networking and has more than one billion users and still growing to unprecedented levels† (Potter, 2012), and with the

LED520 Cross-Cultural Communication and Leadership Assignment

LED520 Cross-Cultural Communication and Leadership - Assignment Example This paper examines cultural intelligence as a capacity, development of cultural sensitivity and the critical components of cultural intelligence. Cultural Intelligence can be defined as the capacity to read and understand the familiar and unfamiliar gestures of a foreigner and give the same meaning the foreigner’s colleagues would give. It is the ability to understand and perceive the world from the perspective of someone from a different culture (Earley & Mosakowski, 2004). CQ is a critical tool in a world that has been turned into a small village by globalization. It is also important in the business world because different people culture interact on a daily basis. Different companies have different cultures that may affect their interaction. Cultural intelligence bear a close resemblance to emotional intelligence, but it is delves deeper. Emotional intelligence enables one to understand what makes everyone human and what makes a specific person unique (Earley & Mosakowski, 2004). In the same manner, high cultural intelligence makes it possible for an individual to perceive and identify the unique features of a group and the peculiar characteristics that are exhibited by people from that same group. Individuals with high cultural intelligence can identify unique features of a person that are not idiosyncratic to the situation. It is apparent from the definition that cultural intelligence entails emotional intelligence plus the ability to read cultures. Cultural Intelligence emphasizes the need to think before a judgment is passed. A culturally intelligent person takes the time to analyze actions, responses and general behavior of individuals before reaching a conclusion about their unique features. It entails registering the way people are behaving and comparing to one’s culture. The comparison facilitates the discovery of similar characteristics or features that might help in understanding the culture of the group or